Thanks to all those on Twitter who helped me put together this list of female authors who write about education, theory and research.

Ali McClure
Alice Bradbury
Alice Sharp
Alison Clark - Mosaic Approach
Alison Gopnik
Dr Alison Iredale
Alison Peacock – Creating Learning without Limits
​Allana Gay
Alma Harris
Prof Amanda Keddie
Andrea Lancaster
Angela Duckworth
Anita Woolfolk Hoy
Ann Gravells
Ann Lieberman
Ann Mroz
Anna Craft
Anna Ephgrave
Anna Haworth
Anna Yashkina
Anne Castles
Anne Lodge
Anne Watson
Annette Karmiloff-Smith
Anni McTavish
Annie Murphy Paul
Amanda Heffernan
Amy Burvall
Arianna Huff
Audrey Watters
Avis Glaze
Avril Loveless
Barbara McGilchrist
Barbara Isaacs
Barbara Oakley – A Mind for Numbers
Barbara Rogoff
Barbara Tizzard
​Beatrice Merrick
Beatriz Pont
Dr Becky Allen
Becky Francis
Belinda Harris – Supporting the Emotional Work of School Leaders
Bell Hooks
Bernadette Duffy
Bernie Sullivan
​Betty Rosa
Bridget Somekh
Dr C Kuepper-Tetzel
Carly Manion
Cathy Lacey
Caitriona McDonagh
Candia Morgan
Dr Caren Baruch-Feldman
Carlina Rinaldi
Carol Adams
Carol Burris
Carol Campbell
Carol Dweck
Carol Fox
Carole Bloch
​Caroline Spalding
Carolyn Jackson
Carolyn O'Connor
Carrie-Ann Philbin
Cath Arnold
Catharine Gilson
Catherine Cassell
Catherine Wallace
Cathie Lacey
Cathy Charmaz
Cathy Lewin
Cathy Nutbrown
Cathy Smith
Celia Hoyles
Charlotte Danielson
Charmaine McKissock
​Cherryl Drabble
Chris Athey
Chris Harrison – Black Box series, AFL: Putting it into Practice
Christine Counsell
Christine Pascall
Dr Cindy Nebel
Clare Lee
Clare Tickell
Claire Warden
Colette Gray
Colette Drifte
Cynthia Coburn
Daisy Christodoulou
Danah Boyd
Deb Delisle
Deb Kellsey Millar
Deb Masters
Debs McGregor
Debbie Garvey
​Dr Deborah Netolicky
Deborah Youdell
Debra Kidd
Debra Myhill
Di Chilvers
Diana Laurillard
Diana Treymayne
Diane Leedham
Diane McGuiness
Diane Ravich
Dorothy Bishop
Dorothy Heathcote
Elena Bodrova
Elinor Goldschmied
Elizabeth Carruthers
Elizabeth Green
Elizabeth Holmes
​Dr Elizabeth Lange
Elizabeth Jarman
Ellen Spencer
Dr Ellie Drago-Severson
​Emma Kell
Erica Mansfield
Eva Marinus
Eve Bearne
Felicity Armstrong
Dr Francisca Veale
Prof Gabriele Oettingen
Gabrielle Cliff-Hodges
Gaby Weiner
​Gemma Moss
Georgina Glenny
Gianna Knowles
Gill Richards
Gillian Hamilton
Gillian Pugh
Gina Wisker
Gillian Symon
Gloria Ladson-Billings
Gunilla Dahlberg
​Hannah Wilson
Hasina Banu Ebrahim
Hayley Goleniowska
Hayley Louise Wood
​Heidi Safira Mirza
Helen Arnold
Helen Bromley
Helen Caldwell
Helen Gunter
Helen Janc Malone
Helen Moylett
Professor Helen Penn
Helen Timperley
Helen Tovey
Henrietta Dombey
Hilary Claire – Not Aliens
Iesha Small
Ioanna Palaiologou
Iram Siraj
Isabella Wallace
Isabelle Breck – Bringing Words to Life
Jackie Beere
Jackie Marsh
Jacky Lumby
Jan Derry
Jan Robertson
Jan White
Jane Evans
Jane Green
Jane Hewitt
Jane Oakhill
Jane Payler
Janelle Scott
Janet Clinton
Janet Finch
Janet Godwin
Janet Moyles
Jayne Osgood
Jean Edwards - Teaching Primary Art
Jean Gross
Jean Lave
Jean McNiff
Jean Ruddock
Jeanne Godfrey
Jeannette Wing
Jenni Donohoo
Jenni Ingram
Jennie Lindon
Jennifer Abrams
Jennifer Buckingham
Jennifer Nias
Jenny Barber
Prof Jenny Gore
Jessica Ringrose
Jill Berry
Jo Boaler
Jo Bowers
Jo Facer
Joan Bliss
​Joan Solomon
Joanne Haynes
Joanne Miles
​Dr Joanne Olson
Joelle Rodway
Johanna Fitzgerald
Dr Jools Page
Jude Enright
Judith Roden
Judith Suissa
Judy Dunn
Judy Halbert
Juels Wilde
Jules Daulby
Julie Cigman
Julie Fisher
Julie Hughes
​Dr Julie Wood
Juliet Corbin
Juliet Robertson
June O'Sullivan
Dr Kalwant Bhopal
Kathryn Solly
Kara Finnigan
Dr Karen Edge
Karen Lewis
Karen Seashore
Karin Murris
Kate Cain
Kate Jacques
Kate Moorse
Kate Myers
Kate Wall
Kate Williams
Katharine Birbalsingh
Katharine Burn
Katherine Ecclestone – Dangerous Rise
Prof Katherine Runswick-Cole
Kathleen Lynch
Kathryn Morgan
Kathy Brodie
Dr Kathy Goouch
Kathy Hirsh Pasek
Kathy Sylva
Kathy Urquart
Dr Katina Pollock
Katy Theobald
Kay Sidebottom
Kay Woods – Education: the Basics
Kelly McGonigal
Kenny Frederick
Keri Facer
Keziah Featherstone
Kristen Swanson
Laura Czerniewicz
Laura Henry
​Laura McInerney
Laurinda Brown
Prof Lea Waters
​Lena Bellina 
Leone Burton
Lesley Abbott
Lesley Emerson
Lillian Katz
Linda Darling-Hammond
Dr Linda Graham
Linda Kaser
Linda Pound
Linda Siegel
Linda Thornton
Lisa Jane Ashes
Lise Eliot
Lorna Earl
Lorraine Hammond
Lou Mycroft
Louise Archer 
Louise Bomber – Inside I’m Hurting, What About Me
Louise Stoll
​Lucinda Becker
​Lucy Crehan
Lucy Green
Lucy Hawking
​Lucy Rycroft-Smith
Lulu Healy
Lyn Sharratt
Lynn McNair
Maha Bali
​Mairin Glenn
Malak Zaalouk
Marjorie Ouvry
Margaret Carr
Margaret Clark
Margaret Donaldson
Margaret Meek
Margaret Sangster
Margaret Snowling
Margy Whalley
Maria Constantinou
Maria Montessori
Marian Whitehead
Marianne Coleman
Marie Clay
Marilyn Cochran-Smith
Marilyn Lewis
Marilyn Nickson
Marion Dowling
Mary Ainsworth
Mary Bousted
Mary Briggs
Mary Fawcett
Mary James
Mary Myatt
Mary Newbold
Mary Roche
Mary Wild
Maryanne Wolf
Maulfrey Worthington
Maxine Greene
McMillan sisters
Megan Crawford
Dr Megan Sumeracki
Prof Melanie Nind
Melissa Benn
​Meredith Honig
Dr Michelle Jones
Molly Crockett
Monica Odinko
Morag Styles
Morgaen Donaldson
Myra Barrs
Nadia Anderson
​Nagla Rizk
Nancy Flanagan
Nancy Gedge
​Nancy Stewart
Dr Naomi Barnes
Natalie Canning
Dr Nel Noddings
​Nicki Allman
Nicky Hawkins
Dr Nicola Rollock
​Nicole Ponsford
Nikki Gamble
Nina Jackson
Nora Frederickson
Ofelia Garcia
Prof Pam Burnard
Pam Osmond-Johnson
Pamela Munn
Pamela Sammons
Pamela Snow
Pat Beckley
Pat Broadhead
Pat Thomson – Heads on the Block
Patrice Miller
Patricia Ciccone
Patricia Driscoll
Paula Kennedy-Flynn
Peggy Robertson
Penny Barratt
Penny Greenland
Penny Holland
Penny Mukherji
Penny Rabiger
Penny Tassoni
Philippa Cordingley
Pooky Knightsmith
Rachel Jones
Rachel Lofthouse
​Rebecca Austin
Rebecca Treiman
Rhona Sharpe
Robyn Wheldall
Robyn Zevenbergen
Ronit Berg
Ros Driver – Making Sense of Secondary Science
Dr Ros Garrick
Rosemary Roberts
Rusul Alrubail
Sally Featherstone
Sally Campbell Galman
Sandra Leaton Gray - Teachers Under Siege
Sandra Smidt
Sandra Williams
Sam Jones
​Sameena Choudry
Sara Knight
Sara Stanley
Sarah Delamont
Sarah Pearce
Sarah Rhodes
Sarah Simons
Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
Sasha Pleasance
Dr Sharie Coombes
​Sheila MacNeil 
Prof Sheila Riddell
Sherri Spelic
Sheryl Sandberg
Shirley Brice Heath
Shirley Clarke
Shu-Ying Liu
Dr Sofya Lyakhova
Sonia Livingstone
Stella Cottrell
Stella Louis
Steph Curtis
Sue Allingham
Sue Askew
Sue Atkins
Sue Brindley
Sue Cowley
Sue Dymoke
Sue Forsythe 
Sue Gerhardt
​Sue Gerrard
Sue Gifford
Sue Griffin
Sue Kendall-Seatter
Sue Lyle
Sue Palmer
​Sue Pope
Sue Robson
Sue Roffey
Sue Rogers
Sue Soan
Sue Johnston-Wilder
Sue Waite
Summer Turner
Susan Davis
​Susan Douglas
Prof Susan Gabel
Susan Gathercole
Susan Goldin-Meadow
Susan Haack
Dr Susan Young
Susanne Gibson
Suzanne Zeedyk
​Sybil Marshall
Tamara Bibby
Teresa Cremin
Theodora Papatheodorou
Tilly Mortimer
Tina Bruce
Tina Trujillo
Tracey Alloway-Packham
​Tracy Parvin
Trish Maynard
​Trisha Lee
Usha Goswami
Uta Frith
Dr Val Hall
Valsa Koshy
Vanessa Rodriguez - The Teaching Brain
Dr Vicky Duckworth
Vicky Hutchin
Vijita Patel
Vini Lander
Viv Grant
Viv Wilson
Vivian Gussin Paley
Viviane Robinson
Vivienne Porritt
Wendy Lee
Dr Yana Weinstein
Yasemin Allsop
Zoe Elder

See also: http://davidwees.com/content/female-educational-theorists
And here are 21 female authors in education from the US
A google doc of women as educational leaders from Andrea Stringer